Talpur.Net
Dr Mir Atta Muhammad Talpur - Personal WebSite and Blog!
Wednesday, April 17, 2024
وي پي اين ۽ ڊي پي اين جي وچ ۾ فرق
Monday, December 15, 2014
سماجي انتشار ۽ اسانجي اخلاقيات
Saturday, March 07, 2009
The Reality of Talpur Rule.
People, fail to see that Sindh, during Mian Abdul Nabi Kalhoro's time, was under a disastrous famine. Madad Khan Pathan's invasion had later totally paralyzed it. Mian Abdul Nabi kept on inviting Madad Khan to restore him to the throne of Sindh at the cost of anything he wanted from Sindh. During TalpurMirs' times, however, historians write that grains were exported to Kutch, Gujarat, Mutan, Balochistan, Afghanistan and other countries. If Mirs had converted all lands into their private shikargahs, how come Sindh started exporting grains to all these states? Anyone can read books by worst critics of Talpurs rule, and he/she would be surprised to find that amongst their criticism, they had also written a lot to contradict their own criticism of Talpurs, and actually praised Talpurs a lot.
Mir Mohammad Ali Talpur
Mr. Manzoor's Letter
Research on Hur Movement
Thursday, 26 Feb, 2009 | 04:43 AM PST
THIS is apropos of the report('Research on Hur movement urged', Jan 28) regarding launching of a compact disc containing facsimiles of H. T. Lambrick Papers (1893-1947) at a seminar organised by the Sindh Language Authority (SLA) at Hyderabad.
The participants, some of them eminent scholars and educationists, delved at length on the validity of the Lambrick Papers with reference to the movement. The final resting place of Pir Pagaro also came under discussion but left as a mystery because of non-availability of any authentic material.
The Hur movement (1930-43) is one of the most important chapters that have played the most vital role in the history of Sindh. Therefore, in order to asses its impact on the pre-and the post-independence period of modern Sindh, not only the Hur movement but the reigns of two alien powers (Talpurs and British) who governed it through the 19th century and almost half of the 20th century also required exhaustive and impartial analysis.
The Talpurs were a Baloch tribe from Balochistan, soldiering in the native Kalhoras' armed forces. After overthrowing their masters (1783), the Talpurs turned Sindh as their personal fief which they divided into various branches of their families. Their triarchy ruled in a fashion of laissez-faire mediaeval monarchs, more engrossed in hunting than providing rule of law to the populace.
Almost all fertile lands were either converted into royal hunting meadows or doled out to loyal clans serving in the state army. During their rule the condition of the masses was extremely miserable, to say the least.
When the British conquered Sindh (1843), they brought with them various new concepts and enlightened ideas of a welfare state already applied in Europe since the 18th century.
They introduced modern education, latest system of administration and justice, revenue and communication, concept of planned cities on the basis of which they built the Karachi port city.
They not only developed roads and extensive railway infrastructure in the shortest possible time, linking remote places with main cities but also built Lloyd Barrage (1932), the world's greatest irrigation system.
Sindh which was mostly dependent on seasonal rainfall, overflow of non-perennial Indus or a few small canals was now provided with a network of canals irrigating about five million acres of hitherto virgin lands.
Even the credit for developing the alphabet of the modern Sindhi language goes to Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere, then commissioner of Sindh (1857).
The institutions and infrastructure built by the British in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century were so sturdy and effective that despite total apathy shown to them subsequently are still catering to the needs of the people.
The Hur revolt started during the middle of the colonial period.
Although this period was more benevolent, especially after the East India Company was replaced by the Crown (1858), which not only transformed the disposition of Sindh from the mediaeval to the modern but at the same time witnessed hectic developmental activities, carried out by the administration for the general welfare of the public. This aspect needs to be analysed.
The upshot of the Hur Movement was martial law imposed on lower Sindh and shifting of thousands of non-local ex-servicemen and Mari and Bugti tribal families who were given incentives by way of allotting them thousands of acres of fertile land in the Nara valley and reclaimed forest lands of the 'Mukhi forest', a hotbed of stiff resistance, as a permanent settlement.
This policy changed the socio-political milieu as well as the demography of Sindh forever. The colossal damage, socio-economically as well as politically, caused to the people of Sindh in the long run an outcome of confrontation with a far superior adversary, the British Empire, also need to be examined by the scholars when the Hur Movement is made subject of an in-depth research.
MANZOOR H. KURESHI
Karachi
MY Reply to Manoor H. Kureshi in March 5th Dawn
The reality of Talpur rule
Thursday, 05 Mar, 2009 | 03:42 AM PST
THIS is apropos of Manzoor H. Kureshi's letter, 'Research on Hur Movement" . The writer's bracketing Talpurs in the same category of aliens as the British is not only historically incorrect but also an injustice to those who gave Sindh peace and prosperity.
The Talpurs, sons of Mir Sulaiman Kako Talpur, arrived in Sindh circa 1680. Mir Fateh Ali Khan, the first Talpur ruler, was the fourth generation Talpur in Sindh. Certainly Talpurs were a lot less alien than the Arabs, Arghuns and, of course, those who came after 1947 to rule here.
Mir Shahdad Khan Talpur, great grandfather of the first Talpur ruler, was an influential nobleman long before the Talpur rule began. In a Sanad issued under the seal of Mir Muhammad Mahdi, the revenue commissioner, under the seal of Mughal governor of Thatta Ahmadyar Khan on 19th Rajab 1116 AH (1704), he was addressed as 'his eminence', i.e. 'raf'at panah', and granted remission of land revenue arrears to him.
He established Shahdadpur circa 1713 after having had the 'Marik Wah', a natural inundation canal dug all the way from Sakrand to Rokun Bur'ra' in Sanghar, making that entire area cultivable.
Moreover, numerous canals, which still carry their names, were dug during the Talpur rule and belie the claim that they did nothing for agriculture or people of Sindh. I advise Mr Kureshi to read the paper, 'Foundations of Talpur Power in Sindh', presented by historian Dr N.A. Baloch at Pakistan History Conference, Golden Jubilee Session, Oct 20-22, 2001 at Hakim Mohammad Said Memorial Lecture.
Mr Kureshi says that "the Talpurs turned Sindh as their personal fief which they divided into various branches of their families."
Dividing a large territory into administrative divisions was a necessity which led to peace and tranquillity. The Talpurs, unlike the Mughals and Kalhoras, were not addicted to fratricide or brutality.
The Kalhoras were plagued by internal dissensions and faced 81 uprisings in their 82 years of rule while Talpurs only two in their 60 years of rule.
He also says: "Almost all fertile lands were either converted into royal hunting meadows or doled out to loyal clans serving in the state army." What would he say about the present-day DHAs and cantonments? Distributing lands to those serving the state then was an established custom in the East.
He says: "The Talpurs were a Baloch tribe from Balochistan, soldiering in the native Kalhoras' armed forces," implying that Talpurs were mercenaries which they were not.
He adds that they overthrew their masters without even bothering to mention the successive brutal assassinations of Talpur leaders beginning with Mir Bahram and his son Mir Sobdar Khan (father of Mir Fateh Ali) in 1775, of Mir Bijar Khan, son of Mir Bahram Khan in 1781 and then of Mir Abdullah, son of Mir Bijar, and Mir Fateh Khan, son of Mir Tharra Khan of Mirpur in 1783, which proved to be the last straw leading to the battle of Halani, forcing them to put an end to the Kalhora rule.
The Talpurs wrested Karachi from Khan of Kalat in 1795, Shikarpur from Afghans in 1804 and Umarkot from Jodhpur in 1813. Even a biased historian like Dr H. T. Sorely says: "By the possession of Shikarpur and Sukkur and the neighboring territory, the Mirs completed their design of making Sindh one single unit under their control. Thereafter, they maintained their authority in a manner which Sindh had not known for centuries."
Mr Kureshi like many other misinformed historians attributes "even developing the alphabet of the modern Sindhi language" to Bartle Frere. How were books being written before that?
I have a Sindhi manuscript dated 1190 AH. The alphabet used in it varies only a little from the one used today. I send along with letter the alphabet used in that 1190 AH manuscript. In fact, it was found in it. Minor changes do not amount to development.
It would be of interest to readers that Talpurs were patrons of arts and literature. Mir Fateh Ali, Mir Karam Ali, Mir Murad Ali, Mir Sobdar, Mir Naseer Khan and others were poets who wrote in Persian as well as in Urdu. Dr Safia Bano in her treatise, 'Ameeran Talpur — Siyasi aur Adabi Tareekh', has given the details.
I hope these facts will help in clearing up the misconceptions and misinformation about the Talpur rule.
MIR MOHAMMAD ALI TALPUR
Tando Mir Mahmood
http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/Dawn%20Content%20Library/dawn/the-newspaper/letters-to-the-editor/the+reality+of+talpur+rule
Monday, February 23, 2009
Spring in Farm
Thursday, February 19, 2009
Genetically modified mosquitoes to fight malaria
DAKAR, 19 February 2009 (IRIN) - Anopheles gambiae may meet its match in Medea.
Scientists hope a synthetic gene known as Medea can wipe out the most common mosquito species that spreads malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Scientists are trying to pinpoint the malaria-transmitting gene in mosquitoes and engineer genetically-modified mosquitoes (GMM) that lack the deadly gene. The hope is that GMM will prevail in a survival-of-the-fittest struggle between disease-carrying mosquitoes and the genetically-modified variety.
Medea is an acronym for "maternal-effect dominant embryonic arrest", with reference to the Greek myth of a woman who murders her children.
In a recently published analysis of GMM research, scientists from the University of California wrote that the creation of a gene that could reduce mosquitoes' ability to spread malaria "is not far away". But given some 400 million infections annually - mostly in sub-Saharan Africa - GMM cannot provide an "all-in-one" solution, according to the scientists.
Sunday, February 15, 2009
Vanishing Fauna of Sindh
Date: Tue, 21 Sep 1999
Sindh's Vanishing Fauna
With the beginning of the month of September, and as the winter approaches, inhospitable temperate climate of northern hemisphere forces its birds to migrate towards south. Sindh, with traditional hospitality, not only welcomes these migratory birds but also provides temporary abode and refuge for their mating and breeding.
With arrival of bustards, including houbara bustard, from Siberia, rich sheikhs also start pouring in the region for their hunting. Houbara, one of the 22 species of the bustards is endangered specie. However, wildlife authorities do little to protect them from human predators. These birds use Indus plains as their feeding and breeding ground during winter. Males of some species of bustards perform remarkable displays to attract females. They swell up their necks, raise feathers, and twist their bodies into odd postures. No longer these are in common sight in the countryside.
Northern temperate climate also push numerous ducks, mallards, and numerous other waterfowls to migrate towards tropical and sub-tropical regions. As a result Sindh also receives many of them. Ducks live throughout the world in wetlands, including marshes and areas near
rivers, ponds, lakes, as in Sindh, and near oceans. They live in arctic, temperate, and tropical regions usually for some part of the year especially in summers. Many kinds of ducks migrate long distances every year between their breeding grounds, where they rest and raise their young, and their wintering areas, where the water does not freeze. Some ducks migrate thousands of miles. Migrating geese fly in large groups, often in a V-shaped formation. It is believed that geese use this formation to facilitate their flying because air currents created by the birds in front make flying easier for the rest of the birds. Such scenes are not the often sighted in Sindh these days.
Peacock, or peafowl, is one of the showiest of all birds because of its large size and the attractiveness of its feathers. Indian peafowl exist in wild in India as well as Sri Lanka. Their coloration, broken dark-green, may have protective value amid colorful tropical foliage.
These birds live by eating snails, frogs, and insects. They also eat grain, juicy grasses, and bulbs and often destroy crops. The green "jungle" peafowl, of Burma, Malaysia, and Java, has a golden-green neck and breast. Peafowl were very common in and around Thar Desert of Sindh. However, their population has been declining very fast and are no more easily seen there, thanks to the Homo Sapiens.
With the traditional hospitality of Sindh gone, not only wild goat of Khirthar, the Sindh Ibex, is under threat from the human predators but also the so-called game birds like partridges, etc. are threatened due to their unwarranted hunting especially in the breeding season. Government officials, environmentalist, conservationists of nature, wildlife protectors may be doing good job in keeping their official paperwork up-to-date in their offices in posh areas of Karachi and Islamabad, participating in conferences, presenting so called 'papers', arranging 'seminars' but they are certainly not found in the countryside.
No one is interested in advocacy or creating awareness about the swiftly vanishing fauna of Sindh. It is common to hear stories from rural dwellers like "Mr A hunted 30 chinkara deer" and "Mr B hunted 50 last year"; "That sahib hunted an ibex with 50 inch long horns..", and so on and so forth. Such stories of senseless killings of wild lifeare endless and have brought rich fauna of Sindh to near extinction.
Arab Sheikhs are allotted distinct areas, sometimes, full districts by officials to for hunting for whole of the winter. They have to please their financial 'donors'! If this situation persisted coming generations may not be able to see chinkaras, ibexes, peafowl, ducks, swans, storks, partridges, Indus dolphin, Palo fish, etc. etc. etc.
Saturday, February 14, 2009
Apricot Fruit, Kernel and Water from Ancient Glaciers of Hunza
What is the secret of this health and longevity? Local people believe, its the water of Hunza and the Apricot.
Now a days many people are thinking of changing their eating habits to prevent health problems attacking their lives prematurely. For this the trend is to switch to organic, natural or wildcrafted food which has either no additional supplementation of chemical fertilizers or pesticides or grown organically or naturally.
The Apricot of Hunza is is one of the most important health food item which is helpful in preventing many health problems, especially the cancer. Many people may take apricot as a kind of common fruit like apples, oranges, etc. but it is not an ordinary fruit at all. And the apricots from Hunza are very very special as these come right from the heart of the Northern Areas of Pakistan - Hunza. Hunza is the area which is environmentally still pristine and pure; where apricot trees get water from millions of years old ancient glaciers of the Karakoram mountains.
Nutritionally the apricot of Hunza is very rich vitamins A, C, E, iron and potassium. It contains beta-carotene to the extent that 5-6 apricots would be enough for one's daily requirement of Vitamin A. Hunza apricots do not contain any fat and the carbohydrates content is also low.
Hunza apricot kernel is considered as very good anti-cancer agent. This is evidenced by the longevity and health of Hunzakut people. This is believed to be due to presence of what is called vitamin B17 (Amygdalin / laetril), special properties of the ancient Hunza glaciers and the soil of Hunza. Although US FDA has claimed that it is not true that B17 has anticancer properties, traditionally there is a lot of evidence available and more research is needed in this regards. Also, the FDA trials in which they 'tested' anti-cancer properties and summarily rejected apricot's anti-cancer properties were of very short period and primarily conducted on those who already had got cancer. Such trials lack credibility. Most importantly, the FDA trials were based on common apricots and not on the apricots grown in Hunza's and naturally irrigated on its ancient glacial waters having unique special properties. Therefore if people believe that Hunza apricot kernel prevents cancer, the assumption does carry a lot of weight and is proved traditionally. No incidence of cancer in Hunza when Hunzakuts liberally consumed apricots and its kernel is no less an evidence.
Another best method of consuming apricots is in form of apricot juices or pulp mixed in water from Hunza. The water from the ancient glaciers of Hunza is considered to have very low surface tension which helps nutrients in the body to be broken in microclusters. This facilitates easy movement of these nutrients from extracellular fluid into the cell interior. This results in easy movement of nutrition into the cells. This does not happen when one drinks normal water. In case of normal water only about 10 percent of nutrients are made available by the internal environment to the body cells.
In nutshell, Hunza apricot kernel, apricot fruit and water from ancient glaciers of Hunza, are wonderful food supplements which helps people maintain optimum health, if consumed regularly.
For more about Hunza's apricot, apricot kernel and anciant glacial water, please visit www.hunzagreen.com
Thursday, February 12, 2009
Irrigation Water Scarcity in Sindh
One can see in photographs the Jamrao East is closed. It would not be out of place to mention here that this is also beginning season for sowing cotton and chili crops.
Friday, August 31, 2007
ڪهاڻي مرديڪا جي
اڄ 31آگسٽ 2007 تي ملئيشيا پنهنجو پنجاه ساله جشن آذادي ملهائي رهي آهي. جنهن جا جشن ڌوم ڌام سان ملهايا پيا وڃن. ملاڪه ۾ به جشن آزادي يا "مرديڪا"جا رنگ هر طرف وکريل نظر اچن ٿا . آزاد ٿئي ملئيشيا کي هاڻ پنجاه سال پورا ٿيا آهن. انهن پنجاه سالن ۾ ملئيشيا جيتري ترقي ڪئي آهي، سا سنڌين لاءِ هڪ مثال آهي. هتي جي ترقي ڏسي ذهن ۾ اهيو سوال ضرور اٿي ٿو ته آخر سنڌي ماڻهو ڇو اها ترقي نه ڪري سگهيو آهي جيڪا هتي جي چينين ۽ ملئي ماڻهن ڪئي آهي. هتي به مسئلا آهن، نسلي فرق ۽ تضاد آهن، پر تنهن هوندي به معاشي ميدان ۾ سڀ قومون پنهنجي معاشي ترقي کي اوليت ڏينديون رهيون آهن. معاشي ميدان ۾ چيني ڪافي تيز آهن. ملئي ڪافي پوئتي پيل آهن پر آزادي وقت هنن سندن آئين ۾ اهڙا تحفظ رکي ڇڏيا جن سان هنن کي ملڪ ۾ خاص "ڀومي پُترا“ اسٽيٽس حاصل آهي. ملئيشيا جي ٻين رهواسين کي اهڙي خاص حيثيت حاصل ناهي۔
چينين ۽ انڊين تاملن کي جيتوڻيڪ ملئي اڪثريت رکندڻن جو اهيو آئيني تحفظ ڪجهه ناپسند آهي، تنهن هوندي به هو ان ڳالهه سان اتفاق ڪن ٿا ته آئين جون اهي شقون جيڪي ملئي ماڻهن کي ڀومي اسٽيٽس ڏين ٿيون، انهن ملئي نسل جي ماڻهن لاءِ ضروري به آهن جو هو ڪافي پوئتي پيل آهن. سنڌي ماڻهن کي به پاڪستان ۾ اهڙي قسم جي تحفظ جي ضمانت ڏيندڙ آئيني گيرينٽي جي ضرورت هئي مگر ايئن نه ٿيو. ملئي قوم جي"ڀومي پُترا"حيثيت ۽ گهڻ مذهبي، گهڻ ثقافتي سماج جي باوجود هن ملڪ جي شاندار ترقي جي ڪهاڻي لاءِ ضروري آهي ته ملئيشيا جي آزادي جي تحريڪ ۽ هن جي ڊيموگرافي ۽ سلطنت ملاڪه کان ملايا ۽ پوءِ ملئيشيا ٿيندڙ ملڪ بابت ڪجهه ڄاڻ حاصل ڪجي۔
ملاڪه سلطنت جو وجود 1396 ع ۾ ان وقت پيو جڏهن سوماترا جو هڪ شهزادو پاراميسوارا، ڪجهه اختلافن سبب اتان اچي هتي جي جهنگلن ۾ اچي ِلڪو۽ پنهنجي نئين رياست جو وجود وڌائين. هن جا پويان اڳتي هلي مسلمان ٿيا ۽ "سلطان“ جو تخلص اختيار ڪيائون مگر هي سلطنت سنه 1511ع ۾ انهن پورچوگيزين جي قبصي هيٺان اچي وئي جيڪي ان کان ڪجهه وقت اڳ ۾ ٺٺي سنڌ مان مار کائي وڃي گوئا، تي قبضو ڪيو هئاون ۽ پوءِ ساهي پٽي ، تر و تازه ٿي اچي ملاڪه تي قبضو ڪيائون. پورچوگيز کان پوءِ ڊچ ۽ آخرڪار نيٺ انهن ساڳين ايسٽ انڊيا ڪمپني وارن انگريزن، جن سنڌ ڦٻائي، اچي ملاڪه تي قبضو ڪيائون۔
ملئيشيا جي تحريڪِ آزادي ۽ گڏيل هندوستان جي تحريڪِ آزادي۾ڪافي ساريون هڪجهڙايون به آهن ته ڪافي تزاد به . مثال طور جڏهن انڊين نيشنل ڪانگريس هندوستان ۾ آزادي جي جدوجهد شروع ڪئي ته ان وقت هندن ۽ مسلمانن گڏجي ان تحريڪ ۾حصو ورتو ۽ آزادي جي جدوجهد جي شروعات ڪئي. انهن ٻنهن ۾مذهب جي بنياد تي عملي طورتي جدائي ٻي مها ڀاري لڙائي کانپوءِ ٿي جڏهن ته ملئيشياجي تحريڪِ آزادي جو بنياد شروع کان ئي هتي جي ملئي قوم رکيو جيڪي سڀ جا سڀ مسلمان آهن. اِن طرح سان ملئي قومپرستي کي اسلامي قومپرستي جي طور تي ڏٺو وڃي ٿو. هتي جا هندوتامل، ٻوڌي چيني بعد ۾ هلي ملئي قومپرستن سان گڏيا ۽ اهو به اليڪشني اتحاد جي حد تائين۔
ملئي اسلامي قومپرستي جي بنياد وهين صدي جي اوائلي دور کان ان وقت ٿي جڏهن وچ اوڀر کان مزهبي اصلاح جي تعليم حاصل ڪري ڪجهه عالم واپس ملايا اچي هتان جي ملئي مسلمانن کي جمالدين افغاني، عبدلوهاب ۽ محمد عبدو جي خيالن کان آگاه ڪيو . اهڙي طرح هڪ مزهبي اصلاحي تحريڪ ٺهي جيڪااڳتي هلي ملايا جيڪا پهريان سلطنت ملاڪه ۽ بعد ۾ مليشيا جي نالي سان مشهور ٿي) جي آزادي جي تحريڪ ۾ تبديل ٿي۔
هڪ طرف ڏسجي ته ملئي قوم جي اسلامي قومپرستي وڌي ويجهي وڃي آزادي جي تحريڪ جو روپ ورتو،جڏهن ته هندوستان ۾ ترڪي جي عثماني خلافت جي خاتمي کانپوع شروع ٿيندڙ ڪئي اسلامي تحريڪون، مثال طور، خلافت تحريڪ وغيره بُري طرح ناڪام ٿي ويون . ان جو هڪ سبب اهيو به ٿي سهگي ٿو جو ملئي هڪ نسل، هڪ مذهب ۽ هڪ ٻولي ڳالهائيندڙ قوم آهي، جڏهن ته هندوستان۾ ۽ هاڻوڪي پاڪستان ۾ رهندڙ مسلمان مختلف ٻوليون ڳالهانئيندڙ مختلف قومون آهن۔
شايد اهيو ئي سبب آهي جو اُتي مسلم قومپرستي، حڪمرانن جي ڪوشش جي باوجود پاڙ پڪڙي نه سگهي . ٻي مهاڀاري لڙائي دوران ملايا تي جاپان قبضو ڪري ورتو. جيتوڻيڪ اهيو قبضو مختصرمدت تائين رهي سگهيو، پر ان سان ملئي قوم اهيو چڱي طرح سمجهي ورتو ته انگريز ناقابلِ تسخير ناهن ۽ اگر جاپاني انگريزن سان وڙهي هنن کي، وقتي طورئي صحيح، ملايا مان ڪڍي سگهن ٿا، ته هو به ايئن ڪري سگهن ٿا اهيا ئي مک وجه هئي جو ملئي تحريڪِ آزادي ۾، ٻي مهاڀاري ويڙهه کانپوءِ نئين سر روح پئجي ويو . 1947ع ۾ پاڪستان جي وجود ۾ اچڻ وقت سنڌي ليڊرن کي ان ڳالهه جو ڪو به احساس نه هو ته ڇا سنڌ جا حق نئين ٺهندڙ پاڪستان ۾سلامت رهندا يا وري انهن جو استحسال ڪيو ويندو؟
سنڌ جي عام ماڻهو کي به ان وقت انهن ڳالهه جواحساس نه هو پر ملايا ۾ جڏهن اپريل 1946 تي انگريزن ملايا يونين جو اعلان ڪيو ۽ انهن اتي جي رياستي سلطانن جا ڪئي اختيار ختم ڪري ڇڏيا. ملايا يونين ۾ هنن کي اسلامي قانونن کانسواء ڪنهن ٻي شئي تي ڪوبه اختيار نه ڏنوويو. اهڙن اعلانن جي ڪري، ملئي قومپرستي ۾هڪ
نئين روح پئجي وئي۽ ملئي قومپرست اڳواڻ داتو عون جعفر ”امنو“ يعني يونائيٽڊ ملئي نيشنل آرگنايزيشن جو بنياد وڌو . ”امنو“ ملايا يونين جي شديد مخالفت ان ڪري ڪئي جو هن يونين ۾ رهندڙ غير ملئي قومن کي به ملايا يونين جي شهريت حاصل ڪرڻ جي حق جي اجازت ڏني وئي هئي. دورانديش ملئي رهنمائن کي ان وقت ان ڳالهه جو احساس ٿي ويو هو ته اگر هنن پوءِ آيل ڌارين قومن کي به هن ملڪ جي شهر يت يا برابر جا حق ڏنا ته هو هميشه لاءِ پوئتي رهجي ويندا ۽ ٻاهران آيل قومون هنن مٿان حڪمران ٿي وينديون ۽ شايد ايئن ني ٿيئي جو هو پنهنجي ئي وطن ۾ جلاوطن ٿي وڃن۔
امنو جي هن تحريڪ نيٺ جلد ملايا يونين جو خاتمو ڪيو ۽ ان وقت جي امنو ليڊر، تنڪو عبدالرحمان انگريزن کي ملايا جي مڪمل آزادي لاءِ مجبور ڪيو ۽ ائين 31 آگسٽ 1957 تي نئين آزاد ملايا فيڊريشن وجود ۾ آئي. ان ”مرديڪا“ يعني آزادي جي تقريب ۾ پاڪستاني وفد به شرڪت ڪئي هئي جنهن جي اڳواڻي مرحوم مير غلام علي خان ٽالپور ڪئي هئ. امنو نه فقط ملايا کي هڪ آزاد ملڪ جي حيثيت ڏياري، پر ان جي آئين ۾ ملئي قوم جي حقن جي مڪمل تحفظ جو پڻ جوڳو بندوبست ڪيو۔
آئين ۾ آرٽيڪل153 جي زريعي، ملايا جي فيڊريشن کي ان جي بادشاه جي زريعي پابند ڪيو ويو ته هو ملئي قوم جي ملايا ۾ڌرتي ڌڻي يعني "ڀومي پترا" ( ڌرتي جا شهزادا) جي حيثيت جا ضامن رهندا . اقليتي قومن، جن ۾ چيني ۽ انڊين کي ان شرط تي ملايا يونين جو شهري ٿيڻ جي اجازت ڏني وئي ته ڪڏهن به هو انهن آئيني ضمانت کي چيلينج نه ڪندا . اهڙي طرح ملئي قوم، گهڻ قومي ملايافيڊريشن ۾ سندن حقن کي هميشه لاءِ محفوظ بڻايو . جڏهن ته سنڌ جي سنڌي ماڻهو نئين ٺهندڙ پاڪستان ۾اهڙي قسم جي آئيني تحفظ وٺڻ ۾بلڪل ناڪام رهيا يا ائين چئجي ته هنن اهڙي قسم جي ڪا ڪوشش ئي ڪانه ڪئي . ڀوميپتراکي هتي سرڪاري نوڪرين، تعليمي ادارن ۾ داخلا، ڄڻ هر ميدان ۾مخصوص ڪوٽائون ۽ اوليت حاصل آهي. 1963 ۾ انگريزن کا آزادي وٺندڙ ٻن ٻين رياستن، ساراواڪ ۽ صباح کي به فيڊريشن ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو ۽ هن جو نالو تبديل ڪري”ملئيشيا“ رکيو ويو. ملئيشيا جي هڪ رياست”سنگاپورا“ جنهن ۾ چيني نسل جي رهواسين جي اڪثريت هئي، ان ڪري ملئيشيا مان ڪڍيو ويو جو هن انهن ملئي قوم جي ڀوميپترا حيثيت تي اعتراض ڪيو هو هڪ طرف ملئي قوم دور انديشي ۽ دانشمندي جو مظاهرو ڪندي ملئيشيا جي فيڊريشن ۾ سندن ڌرتي ڌڻي هجڻ جو حق آئني طرح مڃرايو ته ٻي طرف، سنڌي قوم، پاڪستان جي فيڊريشن ۾ شامل ٿي پنهنجو ڌرتي ڌڻي هجڻ جو حق وڃرايو. جيتوڻيڪ ملئيشيا ۾ ملئي قوم کي ڀومي پتراحيثيت حاصل آهي پر ان جي باوجود، هتي جون ٻيو قومون، جن ۾ چيني ۽ انڊين شامل آهن، ڪجهه مخصوص معاملن کان سواء، هر ميدان ۾ پاڪستان جي اقليتي قومن کان تمام وڌيڪ خودمختيار
آهن. ان ڳالهه جو اندازو انهئ مان لڳائي سگهجي ٿو ته هتي آزادي کان پوءِ جيتري معاشي طرقي ملئيشيائي چينين ۽ انڊين ڪئي آهي، اوتري خود ملئي قوم به نه ڪئي آهي۔
هتي ملئيشيا جي ملئي قوم ڀوميپترا اسٽيٽس ۽ تحريڪ آزادي جو ذڪر ان ڪري ڪيو اٿم جو سنڌ جي عام ماڻهو کي نه فقط هتي جو حال احوال ٻڌايان، بلڪه اهو به ٻڌايان ته ڪيئن هتي جي گهڻ قومي معاشري ۾ مختلف قومون هڪ ٻي کي برداشت ڪيو ويٺيون آهن ۽ امن و شانتي سان ترقي جي منزلن تي روان دوان آهن ۽ پنهنجو پنجاه ساله جشن مرديڪا وڏي فخر ۽ شان و شوڪت سان ملهائي رهيون آهن۔
Saturday, February 11, 2006
Ties with Rajistan
The opening of the Khokhrapar border will not just help in building cultural and economic relations with Rajasthan, Gujarat, etc but it can also bring economic opportunities for the people of Thar (Sindh) and Rajasthan (India). The influx of Urdu speaking refugees from India due to opening of Khokhrapar border under present conditions is incomprehensible. The border between India and Pakistan is already open at Wagha / Amritsar. If any refugee wants to come to Sindh, it can come through Wagha border with only few hundred rupees of extra cost. However, a particular political group may well try to bring in his supporters (who can potentially increase their vote bank in future), but chances of that are very rare, especially if Sindhi `Dharti Dhani' would keep close watch over them.Mostly the migration of people takes place from poor economic zone to well-off economic areas. In this regards we should not forget that India (and China) are two booming economies of Asia with economic growth 8-10 percent annually. Both countries have sustained economic growth for about a decade now and is likely to remain as such in future. India has more open and democratic society and is developing at rate much faster than Pakistan. In the near future, and as long as Pakistan remains in grip of military's dominance, chances of economic growth and opportunities in this impoverished and unfortunate country are very rare. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that people will migrate from a better country to an impoverished military dominated undemocratic country full of instabilities and injustices. However, chances are that more Hindu Sindhis may well try to go to India instead of more Indians coming to Sindh under present conditions. The Sindh which attracted refugees from India in 1947 was a different Sindh then the Sindh of today.The economic activity in Thar and Mirpurkhas has been certainly on the rise since the announcement of the opening of the border at Khokhrapar. This was reflected in rise in real estate prices in the Mirpurkhas and Khokhrapar areas. However, the news of strikes and demonstrations by our `nationalist' friends have sent wrong signal to the business community locally and internationally. Those who wanted to invest would now think twice before they invest in the region. It is advisable for the `nationalist' friends to desist from their negative projection of Sindh. Instead of strikes and demonstrations, there is need of forming a vigilance committee or watchdog group which can keep constant watch over the people coming and going through the Khokhrapar border. Irrespective of political affiliations and interests, the Sindhi Chief Minister can take steps to legalize such a monitoring group on the permanent basis so that they can liaise with the Immigration Authorities to keep close watch on immigration and emigration of travelers. Under present circumstances this is the best way to keep influx of refugees, if any, under control and at the same time allow the economic and business activities in the region to grow in this era of globalization and interdependance. Such a watchdog group can also monitor whether people employed and posted in the government department there are Dharti Dhani or aliens. Our isolation from international stage and resistance in opening up will further push us centuries back. More affluent Sindhis (especially fromabroad) should seize this opportunity and invest in the region.